Showing posts with label Ken Wilber. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ken Wilber. Show all posts

Wednesday, December 1, 2010

#83. New Comments Collected


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This is the third collection of comments I've published since I started this blog in December, 2006. (The two previous collections are posts #32 and #64.)

Because I often get comments on a specific post long after that post has been published, the comments can easily be missed even by regular readers. For a teacher-- this one, at least-- success is measured not by whether readers understand what's being said so much as whether they are spurred on to think more about it and to share their thoughts with others.

My hope for this post is that after you read these comments, you will keep the discussion going by sharing your suggestions and questions about them with readers. You can use either "Click here to send a comment" or click on "Post a Comment" (both at the bottom of this post). Or if you prefer, send your thoughts to my email address. (And do let me know if you want to be "Anonymous.") With my THANKS to all!

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Re: #66 (Arlene's Questions), Anonymous said: Thank you very, very much for post 66. Thank you for putting together the first complete definition of evolution I’ve ever had the pleasure to ponder. As one of those who calls myself ‘spiritual, not religious’ I’m grateful to know that my study of Jung and newly inspired religious study and practice are not just for me! As I understand it, the ‘stuff’ and images of ritual bridge our conscious and unconscious mind, put us in touch with the archetypes of the universal unconscious within each of us and empower us to be creative. I look forward to reading more on ‘useless’ ritual activities in a future post. “…everything we do can be creative participation in the world's evolution.”

I appreciate reading your personal examples. They tell me that even some of my cooking, finding nearly painless ways to get knots out of my Persians’ long hair, the haikus that I write when I ‘take personal delight’ in something, all of these are creatively participating in the evolution of the universe. My very ordinary life has found new meaning, and I’m grateful; grateful to be part of this “world-transformation awareness.” April 25, 2010

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Re #37 (What's Next) and #38 (Exodus), gloria said: Hi Sam. What food for thought! This is wonderful material to be digesting in this season of Easter/Spring when everything old is new again. Thank you so much. April 30, 2010

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Re #68 (Sam's Tao Te, Intro), Stardust said: All through this post I couldn't wait to get to the Tao Te Ching. But this was just an introduction -- a teaser. Can't wait to see what it's all about. From "babysitters to Emporers" caught my attention as did being a balanced person. I can see how it fits into the New Cosmology from the terms
 anthropos, cosmos, and Theos. Much to look forward to. May 14, 2010

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Re #69 (Sam's Tao Te, 1-27), Kathleen said: This is the kind of blog where each person reading it will relate personally to certain segments of it. I like the phrase, "Mystery behind the Universe". The analogies between physical aspects of the world and the way we live our lives are powerful. I particularly like the one about water being low to the ground, but nourishing all. Throughout there is the constant refrain of not living a pompous life. May 20, 2010

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Re #70 (Sam's Tao Te, 27-54), Anonymous said: Knowing that the power and presence of the Great Mystery are ours when we live in harmony with the way the Universe works is an amazing and comforting concept. We see everywhere the basic balance that is an underlying characteristic of the Universe. How worthwhile to develop that balance within ourselves based on these simple, yet profound "wisdoms" of the Tao Te. May 27, 2010

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Re #72 ("Great Mystery" in the Tao Te), Stardust said: I just finished an unusual novel that I think you would like: The Towers of Trebizond by Rose Macaulay. The story takes place mostly in Turkey and you will appreciate the references to Sophia, Sam. It was written in 1956 which makes it interesting to read now, more than 50 years later when we can get a historic perspective on it. June 11, 2010 5:30

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Re #72 ("Great Mystery" in the Tao Te), Anonymous said: This blog actually “explains” God. It is amazing for its Beauty, Truth, and Inspiration. I have bookmarked this page for my daily spiritual reading. Thank you, Sam. June 16, 2010

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Re #73 (Two Important Books), Michael Dowd said: Thanks, Sam! Best,
 Michael. June 26, 2010

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Re #75 (Three Post-modern Movements), Kathleen said: This blog is very enlightening, giving us the broader background of where we are now. It is also challenging -- integrating it all. As I was reading it, I kept thinking of Thomas Berry and how he would like this expansion of the second of his three basic characteristics of everything: "differentiation, subjectivity (interiority), and communion. He and Chardin were significant contributors in the "chain' of our understanding. And new individuals keep emerging to further expand the story, particularly the two you have selected here: Wilber and Michael Dowd. July 21, 2010

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Re #76 (Modernity's Gains), Stardust said: Sam, I don’t feel Wilber’s ideas really advance the telling of the Story. I don’t find them particularly inspiring or enriching – in contrast to so many of your previous blogs. However, I am looking forward to your over-view of Michael Dowd’s book. August 3, 2010

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Following #77 (From Theory to Practice), Sam said: Back in 1978 I was a member of the inaugural group of the Guild for Spiritual Guidance. It is still going strong and currently meets in Ossining, New York, north of NYC. It provides a two-year ecumenical, interfaith certificate program "designed to prepare its members for a ministry of spiritual guidance within the diverse contexts of contemporary life." Its core curriculum strands are the Western Mystical Tradition, Jungian Depth Psychology, and the Vision of Teilhard de Chardin. The 18th two-year program is beginning in January 2011. If you're interested, information about programs, dates, fees and faculty is available at www.spiritualguidance.org. August 22, 2010
Re #76 (From Theory to Practice): Anonymous said: I believe you are right completely. October 8, 2011

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Re #78 ("Thank God for Evolution"), Kathleen said: Michael Dowd’s book fill the niche we have been waiting for. It reinterprets mysteries of the Christian faith in light of the evolutionary story. His explanation of original sin is a masterpiece. He speaks throughout as a pastor, with compassion and understanding of human frailties as part of our deep ancestral heritage. This book is an inspiring and unique insight into what the Great Story means for each of us in our daily lives. August 29, 2010

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Re #78 ("Thank God for Evolution"), Johnson said: Took me time to read the whole article, the article is great but the comments bring more brainstorm ideas, thanks. September 13, 2010

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Re #79 (A Dowd Sampler), Michael Dowd said: Thanks, Sam!! September 17, 2010

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Re #80 (Two Mavericks), Todd Laurence said: The letters between Jung and Pauli
were published under title, "atom and archetype" - 1932-1958....
Their conclusions about "acausal 
reality" include the idea that number is the most primal archetype 
of order in the human mind."

As Jung said, in part: It is generally believed that numbers were invented, or thought out by man, and are therefore nothing but concepts of quantities containing nothing that was not previously put into them by the human intellect. But it is equally possible that numbers were found or discovered.. In that case they are not only concepts but something more-autonomous entities which somehow contain more than just quantities. Unlike concepts, they are based not on any conditions - but on the quality of being themselves, on a "so-ness" that cannot be expressed by an intellectual concept. Under these conditions they might easily be endowed with qualities that have still to be discovered.

I must confess that I incline to the view that numbers were as much found as invented, and that in consequence they possess a relative autonomy analogous to that of the archetypes. They would then have in common with the latter, the quality of being pre-existent to consciousness, and hence, on occasion, of conditioning it, rather than being conditioned by it.


Quotes: "man has need of the word, but
in essence number is sacred." Jung.

"our primary mathematical
 intuitions can be arranged before
 we become conscious of them." Pauli
(entelekk-numomathematics) October 4, 2010

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Re #80 (Two Mavericks), Mary Hicks said: Sometimes when I read these posts, I get so moved and excited that I feel close to wetting my pants. Not only because such huge ideas humble me but I know it is likely I will leave the planet without understanding them... 
I feel impatient at my limitations and almost unable to swallow because their hugeness begins to suffocate me, stops me from breathing.
 Having written that, it seems silly to say thanks for this post. No thing in my life right now provides me with this amount of intellectual challenge. Wish to God that she would inspire me to find the way for more individuals on the planet to receive your efforts. Keep going, Sam. I can always change my pants. I am sure there are many of us who don't always respond, but realize their lives are forever changed. Thanks. October 19, 2010

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Re #81 (The Deep Roots of "Person"), Mary Conrow Coelho said: Hi Sam: I like your phrase "there is nothing that's not non-dual with the Mystery." Being cumbersome and stated in the negative somehow makes one read it carefully so that it is a strong statement. And it certainly speaks to your deep interest in ritual as you write in the blog. You did a great job putting it all together. I'm glad my cumbersome reflections helped bring forth some valuable integration. October 20, 2010

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Re #81 (The Deep Roots of "Person"), Kathleen said: This is, indeed, a profound essay delving deeper yet into the unity of all with the Great Mystery. To speak of everything as part of the "divine incarnation" opens up a whole avenue of enlightenment for Christians who have limited that to Jesus. And "sacraments" and "ritual" make sense as any things or actions that deepen our relationship with the Mystery. With Karl Rahner we have reason to hope. October 24, 2010

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Re #81 (The Deep Roots of "Person"), Stardust said: To Mary Hicks... I just have to tell you how much I liked your comment on Sam’s blog. I’m chuckling every time I think of it. I know just what you mean. I feel like I’m absorbing maybe a fourth of what’s being said, but it is the most enriching stuff I’ve ever read. 

The way this one ended really does leave us a little uncertain. My obstacle to a next “life” is that we are earthlings. This is where we came from and where we belong. But, who knows, there could be another whole evolution awaiting us. I do hope! October 25, 2010

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Re Stardust's comments to Mary Hicks (above), Sam said: I think Stardust's reservations about a next life are very healthy. It wouldn't be much of a future if we were to be separated from the Earth, and it wouldn't be any future at all if it were static. Thinking along the lines of a "transfigured cosmos" as the Eastern Church tradition does (rather than the dualistic and static perspectives offered by the Roman tradition) helps a lot. I shared some thoughts about these ideas in posts #20 and #39. October 27, 2010

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Re #81 (The Deep Roots of "Person"), Anonymous said: Sam, I read this post on the eve of All Hollows and felt impatient that there wasn't more, that you didn't keep going and link consciousness with the cosmos through specific rituals at 'key' times of the year when the doors are opened for the unitive experience. Then I remembered how stupid of me. You've done that all your life and taught many of us to turn the daily key of ritual to step through to the numinous non-dual experience/presence of the unknowable Unknown, as the Gnostics would say. I will look forward to the next postings with more patience. November 1, 2010

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Re #81 (The Deep Roots of "Person"), Anonymous said: This is a thanks for your blog which i've started reading again - read post 81 twice - it felt wonderful, like standing on solid ground rather than the shifting sands i've been experiencing. November 1, 2010

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Re #82 (Moving Up the Ladder), K.A. said: Sam, This is terrific! I love the idea of sensing and feeling, among all of it. November 4, 2010

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Re #82 (Moving Up the Ladder), Allen said: Enjoyed your latest post. It made me wonder whether you are implying or leading up to the very useful conclusion that participating in ritual enhances one's wholeness by potentially activating, like art, the four functions or operations of the psyche. November 8, 2010

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Re Allen's comment on post #82, Sam said: I tried to do something along the lines Allen is suggesting in post #26. That post, "Help From Uncle Louie," is a followup to the three preceding posts about ontogenesis-- a fancy word for the developmental process by which we become who and what the universe is calling us to be. Yes, ritual-- so neglected in our time-- seems to be precisely the age-old means by which we tune in to the cosmic process for what Allen calls "the enhancement of our wholeness." Thanks, Allen! November 9, 2010

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Re #82 (Moving Up the Ladder), Stardust said: Well, I finally got to the blog (82) today. I also wanted to re-read 20 and 39 in reference to my comment on the question of a next life. They were very helpful. Everything I go back to now gets reinterpreted through a new filter. 

That off-hand remark I made about maybe the possibility of a whole different evolution of some kind after death may actually be on the mark. The evolutionary process seems to be in the “DNA” of the universe and the way it works.

I like Bulgakov saying: “Each of us will have the entire transfigured cosmos as our own risen body. It will be held in a way that is personal and unique to each of us.” What a beautiful thought! November 15, 2010

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Re Stardust's comment on #82 (above), Sam said: Stardust is referring to her comments on the previous post, #81 (The Deep Roots of "Person"). Her point is a good one; it expresses well that, as I'd say it, every traditional Western religious teaching has to be now reinterpreted in terms of the New Cosmology. AND that the result is an even deeper, richer and more beautiful understanding than was available earlier. November 15, 2010

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Re #82 (Moving Up the Ladder), Mary Coelho said: With regard to what you write about Jung's four functions, I hadn't thought of them as being part of moving up the ladder, "up" the great chain of being.


You suggest that feeling is related to soul and that intuition can know the unitive life. I had thought of the four functions as being on the same ontological level, so to speak, just different ways of taking in the world. 

Maybe in a nondual world one should not think of ontological levels, although levels need not imply a dualism or loss of unity, of course. So you are suggesting that the intuitive can help restore in the culture recognition of the chain of being.



It is wonderful that you have been excited about being able to articulate a good understanding of why ritual can be so significant. To me it is very exciting that there are rituals that can evoke the unitive experience i.e. enable us to know "that we humans and all reality are non-dual with the Mystery behind the universe." November 23, 2010

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Re Mary Coelho's comment on #82, Sam said: Mary's comment is, as usual, stimulating! When we're talking about the functions of consciousness at the human level I think it makes sense to think of them as ontologically equal; that's the whole point of the Medicine Wheel and Tibetan mandalas: it's a circle, not a ladder. No matter where we start around the wheel, we have to develop all four ways of being conscious if we are to be whole/complete persons. But if we're talking about the evolutionary emergence of consciousness (from reptiles to mammals to primates to humans), then the ladder image works well. My point in "Moving Up the Ladder" is that something similar seems to be happening in Western society as it moves beyond the gross materialistic consciousness brought about by Modernism and the take-over by science. A big topic! November 25, 2010

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Re #82 (Moving Up the Ladder), Anonymous said: I have been fascinated by the ways various cultures have looked at the functions of consciousness, and enriched by these descriptions. I have been waiting to see how ritual would have a role, and now feel some glimmers of understanding of its importance. 


Your words "So where does ritual come in? In terms of the way our minds work, ritual obviously belongs with both Intuition and the unitive perspective. Intuition is what allows us to see the Big Picture of cosmo-the-andric unity; sacred ritual is what allows us to enter into it" are clear and concise-- and yet give me much to ponder!


I look forward to more. November 27, 2010

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Thursday, November 4, 2010

#82. Moving Up the Ladder


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I was delighted, as I said in the previous post, to be able to express well there my understanding of religious ritual in the context of cosmic evolution. It was the first time I was able to share with readers what I felt was a satisfactory expression of my understanding.


If you didn't read that post, its main idea is that religious ritual only makes sense in the unitive (contemplative, mystical) perspective. It was thanks to Mary Coelho's comments on post #79 that this idea finally dawned on me.

I've been struggling for years to be able to say well how ritual and cosmic evolution are connected, and although I felt immensely satisfied to be able to express it adequately for the first time, I'm sure some readers didn't feel as delighted as I did. The unitive (contemplative, mystical) perspective is, alas, hardly a familiar one in contemporary Western culture.

So in this post I'm going to try to put that still-unfamiliar unitive perspective itself into a more understandable context: Western society's cultural evolution.

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If it sounds complicated, it is! As a whole, Western culture is still stuck at the bottom rung of the Great Ladder. We're still in a wasteland-- a "Flatland," as Ken Wilber calls it-- where only physical matter is considered real. For some of us, it's hard to imagine that anyone could actually hold to "Positivism," as it's called, but in fact that is still the common view.

In Deciphering the Cosmic Number, Arthur I. Miller says that when C. G. Jung and Wolfgang Pauli were collaborating in their efforts back in the first half of the 20th century to establish a link between matter and mind, Pauli couldn't even talk about it with his fellow scientists. Miller says that to the quantum physicists of that time, "the very notion of consciousness was considered nonsense."

Jung, too, was well aware of the difficulties involved. He called the link between mind and matter a "no-man's land" and-- in an excellent example of his courageous and adventurous nature-- he described it as "the most fascinating-- yet the darkest-- hunting ground of our times."

So the collaborative relationship of those "Two Mavericks," the depth psychologist and the quantum physicist, was a tremendous breakthrough for Western society-- a first step away from the bottom rung of the Great Ladder.

It's probably true for most readers of this blog that the notion held by Pauli's fellow physicists that "the notion of consciousness is nonsense" itself seems to be nonsense. But it's important not to dismiss their views too quickly.

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For an adequate understanding of the convergence of science and religion-- which is what my whole blog effort is about-- we need to appreciate the momentousness of the breakthrough brought about by the collaboration of Jung and Pauli.

To emphasize that point, I originally intended to call this post "Getting Unstuck." I also considered calling it "Beyond Jung and Pauli," to stress my understanding that cultural development didn't stop with just one step up from the bottom rung of the Great Ladder.

There's a big gap between moving away from that bottom rung and being conscious of the unitive perspective. The insight that we humans and all reality are non-dual with the Mystery behind the universe is as incomprehensible for many today as was the view in Pauli's time that the very notion of consciousness is nonsense.

So "Moving Up the Ladder" seems to be the best title for this post. I see it as an image of Western culture's evolutionary development. I'd like to think it's a good expression of the task we have at this point in our cultural history.

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A quote from Pauli about his growing recognition that science did not provide the last word on everything is valuable for helping us appreciate just how profoundly difficult it to move up the Ladder-- how difficult it was for the scientists of his day to get unstuck from that bottom rung.

Pauli said, "We now have natural science, but we no longer have a total scientific picture of the world.... Since the discovery of the quantum of action, physics has gradually been forced to relinquish its proud claim to be able to understand, in principle, the whole world."

Isn't it amazing that science ever thought it could understand the whole world! The fact that it thought it could is an indication of the tremendous success science and technology have had, not just in understanding the world, but also in improving people's health and making our lives better. 

What a contrast to dualistic religion's rejection of the world!

So the collaboration of Jung and Pauli "in search of a fusion of physics and psychology," as Miller describes it, was also a movement away from the arrogance of scientific rationality. And while we recognize that arrogance today, recognition is not enough.

We need some practical tools to help us move up the Great Ladder.

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Long time readers will not be surprised at the tools I'm suggesting. I've shared my thoughts about them, and made good use of them, in many previous posts. I'm referring, of course, to the four-fold (quaternary, mandalic) understanding of the human mind.

Despite the importance of these perspectives, our culture unfortunately doesn't yet have a commonly accepted way of talking about the fact that our mind works in four distinct ways.

I've used Jungian language, Native American images and Medieval terms, for example, as well as Karl Rahner's descriptions of existential experience, Ken Wilber's IT, WE and I categories, and Michael Dowd's cute animal names such as Lizard Legacy and Higher Porpoise.

I think the classical elements (earth, air, fire, water) also make good tags for talking about how our minds work. So do the four directions (north, east, south, west), the four seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall), and even the four times of day (midnight, dawn, noon, dusk). But by far the simplest terms to work with are matter, mind, soul, spirit.

And yet even the last two of those four terms (soul and spirit) have ambiguous connotations. (Is our soul something different from our spirit?) Maybe the best names to use for talking about moving up the Ladder are those Jung himself provides.

While Sensing, Thinking, Feeling and Intuition aren't any clearer than matter, mind, soul and spirit, at least they don't have the confusing semi-religious connotations that spirit and soul have.

But there's a similar confusion still current in Western culture about the words Intuition and Feeling. Just like spirit and soul, they, too, are often used interchangeably. We may no longer be stuck at the bottom rung of the Great Ladder, but it's obvious that we're still pretty fuzzy about what's involved when we move up the Ladder beyond matter and mind.

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I think the most basic way the talk about moving up the Ladder is to describe the functions of our minds with a combination of the classical and the Jungian terms, and to connect them, as a poet would, with the corresponding compass directions, seasons and times of day. Something like this:

Matter (Sensing) is that aspect of reality we are aware of by means of our senses of touch, smell, taste, hearing and seeing, and is associated with the solidity of earth, the cold of winter, the darkness of night-- all images a poet would connect with north.

Mind (Thinking) is our awareness of cause and effect, that fact that reality is sequential or developmental, not static, and is associated with the clarity of fresh air, the new life of spring, the dawn of morning-- all images a poet would connect with east.

Soul (Feeling) is our consciousness of our relationships and of the inter-connectedness of all aspects of reality, and is associated with the energy of fire, the warmth of summer, the heat of noonday-- all images a poet would connect with south.

Spirit (Intuition) is something like sense perception, but it's an awareness not of details (as Sensing is) so much as consciousness of the Big Picture, and is associated with the flow of water, the fullness of autumn, the shadows of evening at dusk-- all images a poet would connect with west.

While most of us don't have trouble with the thought that we "sense materially" or "think mentally," saying that we "feel soul-ishly" or "intuit spirit-ually" is a problem. And few scholars or scientists are yet willing to admit that "thinking like a poet" could be helpful.

Both our everyday language and our academic discourse show how difficult it is to move up the Great Ladder! Once again we can appreciate the tremendous accomplishment Jung and Pauli made with their initial breakthrough.

We can also see why neurological science (brain and nervous system studies) has blossomed in our day. Sensations enter our mind and knowing emerges. What happens in between? Just how does matter become mind? (This is the kind of question Charlie Laughlin and the Biogenetic Structuralists worked on. I mention it here again only to make sense of my interest in their efforts.)

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But there's also another aspect of that initial step in moving up the ladder that's important to remember: the movement from matter to mind-- from Sensing to Thinking-- is a movement from the static to an explicitly dynamic worldview. Images such as springtime and morning sunrise help us to see that the conscious thinking process always functions in terms of sequential development-- of cause-and-effect, of emerging newness.

So it's the mind's Thinking ability that allows us to understand the evolution of the universe, and it's also that same developmentally-orientated form of awareness that allows us to recognize that the emergence of awareness itself is a central aspect of the cosmic process.

This seems to be where Western culture is, just now, in its movement up the Ladder. More people than ever are comfortable with the fact of evolution today, but we're not yet comfortable with the idea that each of us is a part of it.

Each of us, individually, needs to make a breakthrough as great as that of Jung and Pauli in recognizing that our personal growth and development is nothing less than our creative participation in the 
evolution of the entire universe.

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We're also coming to see in our day what the soul level of the Great Ladder is all about-- that Jung's Feeling function, Ken Wilber's realm of WE, and Michael Dowd's Furry Li'l Mammal are expressions of the fact that we are personally related to everything else.

It's finally beginning to dawn on Western people that all things are, indeed, "our relatives," as Native Americans pray. Our concern for human rights, equality and social justice is an expression of it. So are our environmental concerns and growing ecological awareness.

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But beyond that relatedness level there's still yet another rung of the Great Ladder. And it's there that we need the mind's Intuition function so that we can see the biggest big picture. It's only at this spirit level of consciousness that the unitive (contemplative, mystical) perspective is clear.

The best name I know for this biggest big picture is "cosmo-the-andric unity"-- i.e., the unity of cosmos, theos and andros. Sometimes it's expressed as the "the-anthropo-cosmic unity." Both versions are awkward but helpful attempts to name that total unity-- which we can only perceive via the mind's Intuitive function-- of divinity (theos), humanity (anthropos) and the physical-material universe (cosmos) all together.

The term comes from Raimundo Panikkar, one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th century. Panikkar said that he thought of himself as a Buddhist when in China, a Hindu when in India, and a Christian when in Rome. It was his way of describing the unitive perspective-- the contemplative, mystical, spiritual awareness-- that's at the basis of all humanity's religious traditions. He died only recently; you might like to read his obituary.

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While the unitive worldview is probably familiar to readers of this blog, particularly in its Asian expressions, for many persons in Western culture it remains totally unfamiliar.

The reason? The overwhelming predominance of the opposite perspective-- religious dualism-- that has pervaded the Western Judeo-Christian worldview for many centuries.

Our very word "non-duality" comes from the spiritual traditions of the East. Literally, it means "not-two." It's an ancient way of expressing the intuitive insight that we and the world from which we have emerged are manifestations of the Tao, incarnations of the Ultimate, epiphanies of the divine, children of the Great Mother. That, as Jesus says, we and the Father are one.

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So where does ritual come in? In terms of the way our minds work, ritual obviously belongs with both Intuition and the unitive perspective. 

Intuition is what allows us to see the Big Picture of cosmo-the-andric unity; sacred ritual is what allows us to enter into it.

Modern Western culture has been slow to catch on to the nature and value of ritual because we are still not clear about the nature and value of the Intuitive function.

We're still working our way up the Great Ladder. And whether we call the main steps Sensing, Feeling, Thinking and Intuition or matter, mind, soul and spirit, it's a slow process. Just as "consciousness" sounded like nonsense to Pauli's scientific contemporaries, "contemplative vision" or "mystical experience" still sound like nonsense to our modern contemporaries.

It is indeed a slow process. But it's important to keep in mind that the process is still going on. And in terms of the West's cultural development, you and I are just as much a part of it as were Jung and Pauli. We're still struggling to understand what's meant by "spirit"-- by non-duality, ritual, intuition-- the whole vision of cosmo-the-andric unity.

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An article in the current (November, 2010) issue of Smithsonian magazine offers us some encouragement. It's about the neutrino, the sub-atomic particle Pauli predicted in 1930 but which wasn't discovered until a quarter century later, in 1956. The article, called "Looking for Ghosts," begins:

We are awash in neutrinos.... They come from all directions: from the Big Bang, from exploding stars, from the sun. They come straight through the earth at nearly the speed of light, all the time, day and night, in enormous numbers. About 100 trillion neutrinos pass through our bodies every second. Physicists call them "ghost particles."

"Ghost," of course, is just the ancient English name for "spirit."

Arthur I. Miller says that in 1930 it was "audacious" for Pauli to suggest a new particle, that "No one before had ever dared to do so." Now we know that 100 trillion of those "spirit-particles" are passing through our body every second.

We, too, can be audacious in moving up the Ladder!

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Tuesday, October 19, 2010

#81. The Deep Roots of "Person"


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Author and artist Mary Conrow Coelho sent comments on post #79 (A Dowd Sampler) which tie in well with my previous post about the relationship between mind and matter worked out by the "Two Mavericks," physicist Wolfgang Pauli and psychologist C. G. Jung.


Although at first it may not seem so, they are especially helpful in my struggle to express well my understanding of religious ritual in connection with evolution. Here's Mary's note in full:

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Hi Sam: I have wanted to comment about your reflections on Thank God for Evolution. I do appreciate Michael's energetic work, his very important travels, together with Connie, and the many things that you mention that are valuable about the book. They are indeed valuable. I'll just try to say a word about my concerns in response to the paragraph that follows, which you included in your section about Michael's Higher Porpoise:

The pre-frontal cortex is especially significant because it is what makes each of us not just a living being or a mammal or a primate but a person. It is the home of our personal consciousness and freedom-- of the mystery which we experience ourselves to be.

I do not know if this is fair, but what worries me is the failure to mention that the pre-frontal cortex, which I assume has been correctly identified as important in personal consciousness, is attributed to be a full explanation of "the mystery which we experience ourselves to be."

This neglects the vast "within" of things, including the vast "within" of the pre-frontal cortex. I think personal identity, including experience of that identity is not fully described by the brain structures alone, as experience of the vast "within" (a depth dimension of it?) is part of identity, although, of course, also integral to the structure.

When you talk about the structure (the form) don't you also have to discuss the nature of the matter that it is comprised of and the energetic "emptiness" that is the nature of that matter, although now highly structured? This is the kind of distinction that I don't remember him making. Tell me if I'm wrong. This topic would require a book.

Michael's writings do not indicate as full an appreciation of the contemplative tradition as I'd like to see; I do think emphasis on anatomy without reference to depth experiences is inadequate. I don't know the relationship between numinous experience and/or mystical experience (includes "I am" experiences) and brain structure. However I doubt that such experiences are registered in the pre-frontal cortex only, so assuming this is correct, "being a person" has deep roots in the nature of matter and some resonance or registering (through an alternative form of knowing) of those deep roots in the mind and body. It is of course most important to say that this ground of identity does not negate the role of the pre-frontal cortex in the personal consciousness.

This question of the nature of contemplative experience and mystical experience is an important question since it relates to the experience of being a person. I ask this question simply to try to get at the danger of identifying too much with anatomical structure, although that it not to say it is not obviously essential.

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This interesting note from Mary Coelho brings up two important concerns. One is an appreciation of contemplative-mysticism perspectives. The other is the question of the brain's activity as the "cause" of human consciousness.

Some thoughts about the mystical tradition first. While there's certainly not an emphasis on contemplative perspectives in Thank God for Evolution, I don't see that fact as a lack of appreciation of those perspectives so much as a focus on what Dowd is trying to do: help people to see that the scientific story of the universe is compatible with-- and, indeed, greatly enriching of-- the Christian tradition.

He's talking to people for whom the contemplative perspectives simply haven't been much a part of their religious worldview for many centuries. 

It has been missing even within the older "catholic" denominations (Roman, Episcopal and Lutheran) and not at all present within the Evangelical and Fundamentalist denominations.

From my experience I'd say that the vast majority of those still actively involved in the institutional churches simply remain unaware of the mystical dimensions of their tradition. The vast majority of Christians-- not just ordinary people but also clergy, administrators and even theologians-- had nothing to do with it. It was the provenance of monks and nuns.

And the monks themselves had the view that it wasn't for everybody: it was only for the "strong." A friend recently read me some remarks by Bernard of Clairvaux to that effect. They occur right at the beginning of the first of his many sermons on The Song of Songs.

Bernard says: "The instructions that I address to you, my brothers, will differ from those I should deliver to people in the world, at least the manner will be different... [I] will give them milk to drink rather than solid food, and will serve a more nourishing diet to those who are spiritually enlightened.... who have reached maturity."

What makes you mature, according to Bernard? If you have "prolonged your study of divine teaching, mortified your senses, and meditated on God's law day and night."

Bernard, a contemporary of the 12th-century saint Hildegard of Bingen, was an early and highly influential member of the Cistercian order, so for nearly a thousand years the contemplative perspective was more or less closed to "people in the world."

The efforts of Thomas Merton in the middle of the 20th century, and of people like Father Thomas Keating and Brother David Steindl-Rast in the second half of the 20th century, remain pioneering efforts.

Somewhat earlier, the French monk Henri Le Saux and British monk Bede Griffith went to India to find this contemplative dimension which Bede called "the other half of my soul."

All this is very far from the concerns of Fundamentalists and Evangelicals-- as well as of most members of other denominations today. 

As I wrote in my posts (#73 to #79) about his insights, Ken Wilber helps us to see how the contemplative vision-- as well as the basic spiritual perspectives of Western society-- were definitively lost to Western culture as a result of those cultural movements called Modernism and Post-modernism.

That vision is however the focus of many outside the Christian tradition. It has been rediscovered, for example, in our secular culture by the "Integral" community. They talk about spirituality as it was understood within the Western tradition for many centuries-- but without any special reference to its reality in the early Christian tradition.

Bruno Barnhart, an author I've mentioned a number of times in these posts, says that it's as if the ancient wisdom of the desert hermits is blossoming anew in the modern desert of our secular world.

I think that Western society will eventually catch on to its religious roots, but just now our confused Post-modern cultural situation makes it almost impossible. Professor Paul Lakeland, speaking at a recent conference of church-reform-minded Catholics in Minnesota, described American Catholicism as being "in hospice." So we can't expect much from the religious tradition itself.

At the same time I think it's important to say that the contemplative-mystical perspective is at the very heart of the new cosmology. And thanks to Mary Coelho's comments I see that it's also at the heart of my efforts to express well how religious ritual relates to the big story of the universe.

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Mary's second idea (which she presented first) has to do with whether and/or how human consciousness-- the mystery of the human person-- can be understood as the result of, or as an expression of, the activities of the human brain.

If we ask the question in its briefest form-- Does the mystery of our personal consciousness depend on the brain?-- I think the answer is 'yes.'

But I need to say three things to make clear what I mean.

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1. From an evolutionary perspective, human consciousness is an emergent quality, just as is life itself. Complexity is the very drive of the evolutionary process: the more complex things become, the more consciousness appears. When, several million years ago, the brains of primates evolved just a little more degree of complexity, human self-awareness emerged.

That self-awareness-- the mystery which we experience ourselves to be-- really does depend on the workings of our brain. I would emphasize, however, that it's the workings of the human brain we're talking about. What results from the complexity of the human brain really is something different from and more than what results from the complexity of the brains of our primate and mammal relatives.

It's called a "phase change" when a small change produces a big result. I wrote about it back in post #12, on "The Cognitive Extension of Prehension." The work of the Biogenetic Structuralists helped me to understand this idea well, which is why I gave so much time and energy to the Biogenetic Structuralist perspectives. Those researchers were pioneers, but because they were not as good at teaching or communicating as they might have been, their insights were not picked up and built on by others back in the early 1970s and 80s.

The reason why the idea that, as Mary Coelho says, "being a person has deep roots in matter" is such a challenge for us is because we have to hold two difficult ideas at the same time. One is that the mystery that we experience ourselves to be is an expression of the brain's functioning. 

The other is that we are keenly aware that there is no evidence for the persistence of personal consciousness once the brain is severely damaged or destroyed.

Personally, I don't see that holding these two thoughts at the same time is incompatible with the basic mystical tradition. That tradition sees all reality as one with the ultimate Mystery. As I see it, it's how we understand the relationship between the world and the Mystery which causes problems.

I think that relationship is especially clear when we understand the evolutionary process as the expression or manifestation of the Mystery. 

It helps to understand the Great Mystery not as a reality separate from the world (as it was understood in the past) but, in the words of the great 20th-century theologian Karl Rahner, as the "context and precondition" for the world.

The three-thousand-year-old Tao Te Ching (I shared a version of it in posts #68 to #72) also helps us to grasp the essence of contemplative perspective: that all reality-- energy, light, matter, life, consciousness, self-awareness-- is one with the ultimate Mystery.

An awkward-- but helpful-- way to say it is that "nothing is not non-dual with the Great Mystery."

A more familiar name for describing the cosmic process from the Christian tradition is divine incarnation. As the Russian Sophiologist Sergius Bulgakov expresses it, the evolution of the universe is the "actualization of the divine potentialities." (And the great dignity of conscious persons is that we are called to consciously participate in that realization.)

Personally, I think the simple term "unitive" is best for what we're talking about here. It emphasizes that the perspective is the very opposite of religious dualism, a viewpoint which has done so much damage to the world-- and also to the religious tradition itself which promoted it in contrast to its own core perspectives.

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2. A second major idea, in the context of saying 'yes' to "Does the mystery of our personal consciousness depend on our brain?" is that, as I see it, this unitive (mystical-contemplative) perspective is the basis for-- or better, it's another version of-- the sacramental worldview.

Again, "there is nothing that's not non-dual with the Mystery." While our human consciousness is a very special case of that non-duality, the fact is that every thing and every human activity can expand (heighten or deepen or increase) our awareness of our non-duality.

And those things which allow us to enter more profoundly into our experience of unity with the Mystery have traditionally been called "sacred things" or "sacraments."

And this, I think, is where-- finally!-- ritual makes most sense. Whatever intentional and conscious activities we do to help us to that unitive experience is what we call "ritual."

And we know that many traditionally "religious" activities-- chanting, drumming, dancing, silence-- can in fact direct our attention to and promote our awareness of the non-duality of all things-- including our own personal mystery-- with the Great Mystery.

I finally see why I have had such a difficult time feeling satisfied with my expression of religious ritual in the context of cosmic evolution. It only makes sense in the unitive perspective! I'm grateful to Mary Coelho for her comments which have helped to make this clear to me.

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3. One final idea about all this. Complex things come apart; living things die.

If we hold to the thought that a person can exist apart from matter-- from body and the brain-- we're back again to the dualistic view of human nature and cosmos. I'd express it even more strongly by saying that it's not only a dualistic view, it's also a non-sacramental and anti-incarnational view point. It's incompatible with the basic Judeo-Christian tradition.

Of course what this means, since we know that all living things die, is that the ultimate question for each of us personally is "Do conscious persons stop existing?"

I think all we can say in response to that is, "We hope not."

But it's not just a casual hope. It depends on our sense of all things being non-dual with that Mystery which is the context and pre-condition for everything. It's the very essence of the unitive-contemplative-mystical perspective-- that "there is nothing that is not non-dual"--that allows us to trust, as Karl Rahner expresses it, that we do indeed "have a future."

As I see it, the question is not so much "Does my soul survive death?" as something more along the lines of "Is the evolution of the universe meaningless in the long run?"

To me, believing that we have a separate soul that survives death, as glorious as that thought seemed to past ages, isn't a sufficiently appreciative view of the cosmic process.

So the ultimate question isn't as much personal ("Do I have a future?") as it is cosmic: "Does all reality, as the incarnation of the ultimate Mystery, have a future?"

A more provocative way to ask it is: "In the end, will God be a failure?"

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In the previous post I described the efforts of C. G. Jung and Wolfgang Pauli to understand the link between matter and mind. I see their work as a significant step (although hardly recognized yet) in the recovery of the unitive and sacramental world view.

It was a tremendous breakthrough in global humanity's cultural evolution when, toward the middle of the 20th century, two leading scientific researchers-- "mavericks" in the areas of quantum physics and depth psychology-- were able to see and acknowledge that cosmos and psyche, universe and person, are two aspects of the one same deeper reality.

For the first time in many centuries, the Western world once again began to move toward the realization that, in Mary Coelho's words, "being a person has deep roots in the nature of matter."

And for me personally, those insights offer an excellent context for expressing a satisfactory understanding of the connection between religious ritual and the evolution of the universe.

Again, thanks to Mary for her helpful and stimulating comments!

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